| OpendTect User Documentation version 3.2 |
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The OpendTect user interface consists of four main elements: menus, icons, trees, and scenes. The latter are graphic windows in which the data is visualized and manipulated. The menus are described in Chap 4.
The OpendTect toolbar contains icons to launch OpendTect specific modules.
The graphics toolbar contains icons to manipulate the scenes (graphics window):
switches the view mode on. In this mode, you can rotate the view and zoom in and out. Tip: in order to evaluate data values, zoom in and switch to interact mode by clicking on the appropriate icon. Move the cursor over the zoomed-in data and watch the returned position (inline, crossline and X,Y,T plus value) in the status line at the bottom of the main window.
switches the interact mode on. Click on the element that you wish to move. A frame with handles appears around the clicked element. The handles are used to re-size the frame. Clicking and dragging inside the element is the way to move the entire element in the in-plane direction. Tip: for accurate positioning of a data element, use the Position option from the right-hand mouse button pop-up menu in the tree.
resets the view to the position that was saved when you pressed the "save home position" icon.
saves the home position that can be recalled with the previous icon.
resets the view such that all data is visible.
resets the view to orthographic/perspective camera.
resets the view to the inline direction.
resets the view to the crossline direction.
resets the view to the Z-direction.
switches on the x/y/z orientation arrows. This button can only be used in View mode, but the arrows remain active in both view mode.
this icon opens the snapshot window.
displays selected element only. When a lot of elements are displayed, one can quickly view a single element and toggle between elements by clicking the different elements in the tree.
The Tracking toolbar contains icons to control tracking of surfaces.
For a primer on tracking in OpendTect, see how to track horizons.
activates the seed pick mode.
the tracker plane can be moved without tracking a surface.
grows surfaces when the plane is moved outside the edge of the surfaces.
retracks existing surfaces when the tracking plane is moved. Data is displayed with a green filter.
erases existing surfaces when the tracking plane is moved. Data is displayed with a red filter. Optionally, the user may resize the tracking plane (interact mode) to limit the effective area of the erase plane.
undoes the last action.
redoes the last action that was removed by undo.
toggles the tracking cube on and off. Only inside this volume the data is in memory. When the tracking cube is on, it can be resized using the green anchors.
selects the data to be displayed on the tracking plane. Only data that is in memory can be selected.
opens the colorbar selection menu.
changes the transparency of the tracking plane.
starts the auto-tracking of a surface within the tracking cube.
moves the tracking plane N positions back, i.e. towards a lower inline, crossline or time (depth) number. N is the specified step size.
moves the tracking plane N positions forward, i.e. towards a higher inline, crossline or time (depth) number. N is the specified step size.
is the number of positions to move the tracking plane in the direction indicated by the arrows described above.
The slice position toolbar contains icons to move slices through the volume.
Each scene has a corresponding tree to control the graphics elements. A tree consists of several elements, which are described in detail below. Tree elements containing elements one level down can be expanded and collapsed by clicking on the markers left of each main element. The order in which items appear in the tree can be changed by selecting the item that you want to move, then press and hold SHIFT, and press the arrow up or arrow down keys on your keyboard.
New option in OD with "Detachable tree"
The general properties for the scene can be called upon by right-clicking on Scene > Properties. This will pop up a Set Scene Options window.
In this window user can set following options for the specific scene.
- Survey box: If checked, it will be shown in the specific scene.
- Annotation text: If checked, the survey box annotations (Inline, Crossline, TWT) will be displayed in the scene.
- Annotation scale: If checked, the numeric values of Inlines, Crosslines and Z-values will be displayed.
- Background Color: The user can specify his/her own background color for particular scene. By default it is set to black.
- Mouse Marker Size: This is option to increase the Mouse Marker (a marker pointing mouse location on multiwindows) size on various windows in multiscene view.
- Mouse Marker Color: The user can change the color of Mouse Marker from here. The default color is yellow.
In this new OD v3.2, you can export you Tree Scene as iv file (Inventor 3D graphic).
Make snapshot. In OpendTect, it is possible to create a snapshot of the active scene. The "create snapshot" menu appears by selecting the "Make snapshot" icon from the Graphics toolbar. You can change the settings for your images e.g. height, width, resolution etc. If you save the settings, they will automatically appear when you will grab new images.
Inline, Crossline and Timeslice elements can be created or added by selecting Add from the pop-up menu by right clicking on Inline, Crossline or Timeslice respectively. For each element, an item with the position and a second item with the attribute to be displayed appears. Graphic elements can be toggled on/off in the scene by ticking the corresponding box in front of each element. By right clicking on the position item a pop-up menu appears .
This pop-up menu has the following options:
Add attribute. You can add a new item where an attribute can be visualised. When Select Attribute is selected you can choose to display data from stored Cubes or an attribute from the current attribute set (if available). To make these active, you have to select or create an attribute set. Up to eight different attributes can be displayed within one element (inline, crossline, timeslice).
Position. The Position option is used to position the data element accurately in 3D space.
By pressing the Scroll button, elements are moved either manually, select Control Manual, or automatically, select Control Auto. Scroll step specifies the step between the successive elements. In the manual mode, the scene is updated to the new element after every subsequent click on the Advance button. In the automatic mode, the scene update process is stopped by pressing the Pause button. Press Go and the movie-style appearance of elements resumes. The time between automatic updates is specified in seconds in the Time between updates (s) field.
Gridlines. This option enables you to display gridlines on this particular element.
A new menu appears where you can set the grid line spacing, style, color and width.
Reset Manipulation. This resets any change in the position of the random line (or its nodes) you have applied, the original configuration is restored. This option is only available if you have actually changed the position of the element.
Properties. Refers to display parameters Transparency, Ambience/diffuse relflection and mouse movement (scroll and pan settings).
Resolution. Allows changing the graphical resolution of the element. The Default does not involve any rescaling before the data is sent to the graphics card. The options Moderate and High do some pre-interpolation before the data is sent to the graphics card and generally results in a cleaner picture. If the memory of your graphics card does not allow high resolution, the element becomes black.
Note that if Shading is on, the resolution option is not available anymore.
Display PS Gather. This option will pop-up a pre-stack viewer perpendicular to the inline or crossline.
Please note that this option is not available when no pre-stack data is loaded in the survey.
Lock / Unlock. Locks the selected object. This prevents accidental removing, moving or displaying data on the object. After clicking Unlock, all manipulations are possible again.
Remove. This removes the element from the OpendTect tree and the graphics area.
By right clicking in the attribute item, the corresponding pop-up menu appears. This menu has the following functionality:
Select attribute. When Select attribute is selected, you can choose to display data from stored cubes or an attribute from the current attribute set (if available). To display an attribute, you have to select or create an attribute set.
Save Color Settings... With this option you can save the color settings and make them available for a next time use.
Move... With this option you can move the attribute up, down, to top of the list, or to bottom of the list.
Show Histogram. This will display the data statistics (selected attribute) of defined volume as histogram in pop up window.
Show Amplitude Spectrum. An amplitude vs frequency plot would be shown in pop up window.
Change transparency... This option changes the transparency of the attribute item, which enables the user to visualize a background attribute.
Display in a 2D Viewer as ... This new option allows you to display you attribute in a 2D viewer as "Wiggle" or "VD" (Variable Density). For detail informations go to: 2D viewer
Remove. This removes the attribute item from the tree.
An element can be made active by left-clicking on the element in the tree, or in the graphics window when in the Interact mode. The active element will show up in reverse video in the tree, and will be framed in the graphics area. An element is de-activated either when another element is selected, or when the empty space in the tree is selected with the left-hand mouse button, or when an empty area in the graphics window is clicked when in Interact mode. In the latter two cases, there is no active element present.
In Interact mode (Table 2-1) the cursor will return the position (inline, cross-line and X,Y,T) and the value of the visible data in the bottom of the OpendTect window.
A volume viewer element can be created or added by selecting Add from the pop-up menu by right clicking on Volume. The selected cube is stored in memory and the inline, crossline and time elements within the volume can be moved with an instantaneous update of the display. As the volume display consumes memory, the user can add as many volume visualizations as he/she wants depending upon the system compatibilities. Generally large number of volume visualizations, slow down the systems with normal hardwares. The basic graphical manipulation is very similar to the manipulation of the Inline, Crossline and Time elements as explained above.
Within the volume element Inline, Crossline Time and Volren (see above), sub elements are present. Graphic (sub) elements can be toggled on and off in the scene by ticking the box in front of each element.
The pop-up menu has these options.
Select attribute. When 'Select attribute' is selected, you can choose to display data from stored cubes or an attribute from the current attribute set (if available). To make this set active, you have to select or create an attribute set.
Duplicate. This will create a new, empty copy of the element with exactly the same Position settings.
Reset Manipulation. This resets any change in the position of the size and shape of the volume you have applied, and takes you back to the original position. This option is only available if you have actually changed the position of the element.
Properties. Properties refers to display parameters such as transparency and ambiance.
Save Color Settings. This option allows you to save the color settings for the current study so that you can reload it at anytime when you will re-use the same study.
Show Histogram. This will display the data statistics (selected attribute) of defined volume as histogram in pop up window.
Show Amplitude Spectrum. An amplitude vs frequency plot would be shown in pop up window.
Add. This adds new inline slice, crossline slice, time slice plane-viewers or a Volume viewer and iso surface to the volume.
add isosurface. This iso-surface creation is the first step of the process of creating a new body.
click on the iso-surface line and the following sub-tree appear
if the option Set Isosurface is chosen, the following window appears
at this window we can see the histogram distribution of the values representing the data. We can set one value as the value of the iso-surface.
This iso-surface can be displayed and then converted to a body.
Lock / Unlock. Locks the selected object. This prevents accidental removing, moving or displaying data on the object. After clicking unlock all manipulations are possible again.
Remove. This removes the element from the OpendTect tree and the graphics area.
An element can be made active by clicking (left-hand) on the element in the tree, or in the graphics window when in the Interact mode. The active element will show up in reverse video in the tree. If the active element is the volume itself, the volume can be dragged to another place or the shape of the volume can be changed by dragging one of the green markers. If one of the viewer elements of the volume is selected the Inline, Crossline , or Time sub elements can be dragged to a new position within the cube. An element is de-activated either when another element is selected, or when the empty space in the tree is selected with the left-hand mouse button, or when an empty area in the graphics window is clicked when in Interact mode.
Volume rendering. When the Volren is toggled on, the volume rendering is activated, This requires some calculations; a bar appears to show the progress of the volume rendering preparations. Once finished, the volume is best viewed with a color bar that is partly opaque (see Section 2.2.4, highlighting only values of interest, e.g. only high chimney probability values in a ChimneyCube.
In Interact mode, (Table 2-1) the cursor will return the position (inline, cross-line and X,Y,T) and the data value at that position in the horizontal status bar of the OpendTect window.
In OpendTect, there are five different modes of generating random line definitions:
- Manual Mode
- From Existing
- Along Contours
- From Polygons
- Create From Wells
If you right click on the Random line option in the tree, at first, three options will be available: New, Load and Generate.
New. Right Click on Random line and select new. The new random line will be added as a sub-element of the random line. By default, this is the center inline of the cube. To create the new arbitrary direction of random line, the user can modify nodes (see white color node image in above figure) by editing or inserting nodes. With multiple nodes, the random line can also consist of multiple flat sections. The sections of one single random line may intersect one another. In interact mode, the little plane of a node can be used to drag the node laterally, and the vertical tube can be used to shift the edge of the random line vertically. Nodes can be added from the pop menu by right clicking on the random line in the Interact mode. Pressing Ctrl exactly on the node rotates the node orientation.
Load. Option provides to load pre-existing random lines geometery. Moreover, existing line can be editted latter on as well.
Generate. Option provides to generate random lines. As we can see in the following picture, four options are available.
The four options are as follows:
From Existing Option allows to generate random line from existing random line. There is an options available to generate random line at some distance away from existing random geometery and store it in new random line geometery.
Along Contours allows to generate random lines between specified contour range. For this, an interpreted horizon grid will be required as contours.
From Polygons allows to create random line definition from already created polygon.
Create From Wells A random line can be created in such a way that it follows well paths. By right clicking on the random line tree, and selecting Create from wells, a dialog box appears with a list of wells that can be selected in order to set up the random line path.
Once a Random line is create then by right clicking on the Random line in the tree we have the following options:
Add attribute. When Select attribute is selected, you can choose to display data from stored cubes, an attribute from the current attribute set or an output node of the current neural network. To display an attribute or neural network, you first have to select or create an attribute set or neural network.
Duplicate. Duplicates the line as an empty element in the tree. On the new element, you can display a different attribute while keeping the original data directly available too.
Reset Manipulation. This resets any change in the position of the random line (or its nodes) you have applied, and takes you back to the original position. This option is only available if you have actually changed the position of the element.
Properties. The Properties option refers to display parameters such as Ambient reflectivity, Diffuse reflectivity, Transparency.
Edit Nodes. This option pops-up a table where lateral co-ordinates of nodes can be edited or added manually. Right click on the inline or crossline position of a node to insert or remove nodes from the table.
Insert node. This option inserts a new node before the selected node.
Save . The Random line changes can be saved at any step of the building process and then be reloaded.
Save as 2D. User can create a 2D line from a Random line. Right click on Random line in the tree and select Save As 2D. A window will pop up as shown below. Select the input seismic file. Select the output line set or create new and write the line name. The start position of line and steps i.e. trace start/step are necessary.
Note: The survey type should be 2D as well if you want to view the 2D line created from a random line.
Lock. Locks the selected object. This prevents accidental removing, moving or displaying data on the object. After clicking again in lock all manipulations are possible again.
Remove. This option removes the random line from the tree and the graphics area.
Manual Mode. In manual mode, user creates a line definition by creating new line and inserting nodes before or after predefined nodes.
The first step is to create a new random line. This random line will have two nodes, one at each end of the line. Then, it is possible to add more nodes between these two nodes. If the user left-clicks in the name of the newly created random line, there is an option to insert new nodes on the random line, as can be seen in the following picture:
The node at the left-hand side of the newly created random line is the node 0, and the one in the right hand side is node 1. It is possible to insert a node before node 0, before node 1, and after node 1. The node will be created half-way between the two surrounding nodes. It is possible to create as many nodes as needed.
The next step is to move the nodes to the desired position. It is enough to left-click in the node when the mouse is in the arrow mode to grab the node. A purple surface appears around the node and then the user can move the node in any direction inside the area of study.
Insert/Edit Nodes either before or after existing nodes.
In the next picture, we can see a close view of a node. This node is a constraint point for the random line. The random line has to go trough this node.
This is an example of moving node planes. Note: If vertical cylinder of white node is moved, it will adjust vertical positioning of random line at that node; whereas the horizontal plane will help in moving the node horizontally.
Another way to edit or modify the position of the nodes is to click in the option Edit nodes...the following windows will pop-up. The nodes are editable. User can also modify or insert new nodes as well. In this table, each node is defined by its inline and cross-line position.
An example of generating randomline at nodes, using the randomline option, is shown below:
From Existing Option allows to generate random line from an existing random line. There is an options available to generate a random line at some distance away from existing random geometry and store it in new random line geometry. If you want to display the random line on creation, check the box Display Random Line on creation.
Create Random line from existing line geometry in left/right or both directions.
The first generation parameter is the input random line, which has to be chosen between the already existing random lines. Then, define the distance from input in meters and the direction in which the node will be added. There are three directions: left, right, and both. The final step is to name the output random line.
The user can click on the Display Random line on creation box and immediately visualize the random line.
Along Contours allows user to generate random lines between a specified contour range. For this, an interpreted horizon grid will be required as contours. You can save the newly created random line by specifying the name in output field. If you want to display the random line on creation, check the box Display Random Line on creation.
First, specify the input horizon, and optionally select if it is within a polygon. Then define the contour Z range and the step. Then the Random line Z range, there is an option to chose whether the random line Z range will be made relative to the horizon or not. Last step is to give a name to the newly created Random line set.
The option Display Random Line on creation can be selected and the new randomline will be displayed after clicking OK.
The following picture shows an example of result for a random line created along contour, it is composed of a set of random lines that satisfy the contour z range and therefore is composed of more than one element.
The following picture shows in the scene tree, the random line elements generated for the picture above.
A set of random lines has been produced and each one has its own name. For example, in the picture above the following name are assigned: C1350, C1340-3, C1340-2...
From Polygons allows user to create random line definition from already created polygon.
In create random line from polygon dialog, select input polygon and select the desired Z-range. To save the newly created random line, specify the name in output field. If you want to display the random line on creation, check the box "Display Random Line on creation".
The following picture is an example of a randomline along a polygon, it is a polygon based on 11 blue points along which are generated the polygon and then the random line.
Create From Wells. A random line can be created in such a way that it follows well paths. By right-clicking on the random line tree, and selecting Create from wells, a dialog box appears with a list of wells that can be selected in order to set up the random line path.
Use the arrows to add and/or remove wells. Use the second set of arrows to setup a well sequence. Specify whether you want to use only the well top position or not. When you use all well points, you can specify the order by clicking the "Change Order" arrows. Press the preview button to see a top view of the random line that will be created. If the preview does not show exactly the desired random line, then change the parameters (the wells involved or the order in which they are listed). You can save the newly crated random line by specifying the name in output field. If you want to display the random line on creation, check the box "Display Random Line on creation".
The following picture is an example of random line created from wells.
In this picture, a random line goes through four wells following a random path between these wells (which are used as constraints).
The Pickset is point data that can be used for several purposes in OpendTect, as simple point, vector quantizer, as polygons, etc. The Pickset entry pop-up menu has two options: New and Load. With New, new picksets are created (and can optionally be filled with random picks) and with Load existing picksets can be retrieved from a stored pickset. You can load more than one pickset.
Load. A pickset created and saved in previous sessions can be loaded.
New. A pickset can be filled using three options : Random/Empty/Polygon.
The random positions can be picked along a mapped horizon, in a sub-volume, or in between two mapped horizons. Only loaded horizons can be used here, so if you have no (or not enough) horizons loaded, these options may be unavailable. A pickset along a mapped horizon is typically used for waveform clustering.
With the new Polygon option, you can use picksets to draw, e.g a polygon around a contour (especially useful in Common Contour Binning). You can also store your polygon as fault.
Once one pickset has been loaded or created, four new options will be available in the pickset tree.
If more than one pickset is loaded, the following options will be available in the three:
Save changes. The Pickset changes can be save at any step of the building process, then and then be reloaded.
Display only at sections. When this option is switched on, only the picks on the displayed elements in the graphics area will be shown. This mode allows user to pick new locations without being distracted by previously picked points throughout the survey volume.
Show all picks. After displaying the picks at sections only, you can redisplay all the picks by choosing this option.
Merging Picksets. When at least one pickset is opened in the tree, it is possible to merge picksets by right-clicking "pickset". A window pops up and the sets can be selected. A name for the output set should be defined.
Show all items. After loading several picksets during the current session, it is possible to show simultaneously all the items at the same time.
Hide all items. This options allows to hide all the currently displayed picksets.
Remove all items. This options allows to remove all the currently loaded picksets.
In the next section we will explain more in detail how to create random, empty or polygon picksets.
If the Random option is chose then the following window will apear:
It requires that the user chooses a name for the new Pickset, a color, the number of picksets to generate, defines the geometry and also there is the possibility to create the picks in a volume subselection. The options in the geometry are to create the pickset in a volume, an horizon or between horizons.
In the following picture we can see an example of a random pickset of 500 picks, generated in a volume:
Right clicking on a Pickset name shows a pop-up menu with options (as shown above).
Properties. In this window the Type, Size and Color of the pick markers on the graphics area can be set. The type Arrow is also automatically used when the pick is given directional information in the Set directions option under the pickset pop-up menu.
Display only at sections. When this option is switched on, only the picks on the displayed elements in the graphics area will be shown. This mode allows to pick new locations without being distracted by previously picked points throughout the survey volume.
Save/Save As. To each time you creat/update the pickset, you can either overide the stored input by using option Save or store it as a new pickset by using Save As option.
Store poly as fault. The Pickset created as polygons can be stored as fault. That latter on can be loaded as fault as fault element in the fault tree.
Lock / Unlock. Locks the selected object. This prevents accidental removing, moving or displaying data on the object. After clicking "Unlock", all manipulations are possible again.
Remove. This removes the pickset from the tree. Removing an unsaved picksets will result in a complete loss of that pickset.
In the following picture, the option show at section only has been activated, and only random points which are at this section are shown:
If the Empty option is chosen, then the following window will appear:
It requires that the user chooses a name for the new Pickset, and the color of the picks. This will create an empty folder, and the user will have to make picks on the chosen horizon.
Making picks. Picksets are activated by clicking on the element in the tree. The active pickset is shown in reverse video and you have automatically switched to Pick mode. Left clicks in the graphics window will result in adding picks to the active pickset. Individual picks can be removed from the active pickset with Ctrl-left clicks (use the Apple key on MacOS).
In the following picture, we can see an example of picks that have been picked by the user at a section by right clicking at each desired position.
Once an empty pickset has been created the following options will be available in the tree:
Properties. In this window the Type, Size and Color of the pick markers on the graphics area can be set. The type Arrow is also automatically used when the pick is given directional information in the Set directions option under the pickset pop-up menu.
Display only at sections. When this option is switched on, only the picks on the displayed elements in the graphics area will be shown. This mode allows to pick new locations without being distracted by previously picked points throughout the survey volume.
Save/Save As. To each time you creat/update the pickset, you can either overide the stored input by using option Save or store it as a new pickset by using Save As option.
Store poly as fault. The Pickset created as polygons can be stored as fault. That latter on can be loaded as fault as fault element in the fault tree.
Lock / Unlock. Locks the selected object. This prevents accidental removing, moving or displaying data on the object. After clicking "Unlock", all manipulations are possible again.
Remove. This removes the pickset from the tree. Removing an unsaved pickset will result in a complete loss of that pickset.
If the Random option is chose then the following window will apear:
It requires that the user chooses a name for the new Pickset, a the color of the picks.This will create an empty polygon pickset folder and the user will have to peak himself the polygon on the chosen horizon.
Making polygons. Polygon picksets are activated by clicking on the element in the tree. The active polygon pickset is shown in reverse video and you have automatically switched to Pick mode. Left clicks in the graphics window will result in adding picks to the active polygon. The picks will be connected by a line. The last pick of the polygon can be removed from the active polygon with Ctrl-left clicks (use the Apple key on MacOS).
In the folowing picture we can see two examples of polygon picksets, an example of closed polygon, and an example of non closed polygon.
Once a polygon pickset has been created the following options will be available in the tree:
Close polygon. During, and at the end of a picking session you should store Picksets.
Once this option is choose, the last and the first picks of the polygon will be connected and this option will the disappear from the three as an option as we can see in the following picture.
Properties. In this window the Type, Size and Color of the pick markers on the graphics area can be set. The type Arrow is also automatically used when the pick is given directional information in the Set directions option under the pickset pop-up menu.
Display only at sections. When this option is switched on, only the picks on the displayed elements in the graphics area will be shown. This mode allows to pick new locations without being distracted by previously picked points throughout the survey volume.
Save/Save As. To each time you creat/update the pickset, you can either overide the stored input by using option Save or store it as a new pickset by using Save As option.
Store poly as fault. The Pickset created as polygons can be stored as fault. That latter on can be loaded as fault as fault element in the fault tree.
Lock / Unlock. Locks the selected object. This prevents accidental removing, moving or displaying data on the object. After clicking "Unlock", all manipulations are possible again.
Remove. This removes the pickset from the tree. Removing an unsaved picksets will result in a complete loss of that pickset.
A Horizon can be added by selecting Load or New from the pop-up menu by right clicking on Horizon. Selecting New pops up a series of windows to start interpreting a new horizon. These windows--and their options--are described in Section 3.2. Horizons can be imported in File-Import-Horizons.
You can load the entire horizon or select a sub-area. Press the Select button and the following window pops up, allowing the sub-area selection.
The popup menu from a displayed horizon has several options.
Add Attribute. This allows choosing the data to display on the horizon from stored cubes, a calculated attribute from the current attribute set, or surface data that were included with the horizon already. For Surface data, a dialog will popup where you can select multiple data files. After loading you can browse through the data by pressing the 'Page Up' and 'Page Down' buttons on your keyboard. Note that the mouse pointer has to be in the scene.
Properties. The Material window allows changing of the graphical settings like transparency, line style, and thickness.
Resolution. The resolution of a horizon can be changed for performance reasons. When using a low-end graphics card, performance during rotating and moving the scene may suffer. By showing the horizons in a lower resolution, scrolling and rotating becomes smoother. By default, the resolution is set to Automatic. This setting uses higher resolution in areas where a horizon has a complicated shape, and low resolution in relatively flat areas. Also, when rotating, the resolution will be set to low in order to enhance responsiveness of the rotation action. When released again, the resolution is set higher again. Attributes displayed will always have full color resolution, only the shape of the horizon surface is affected by this setting.
Write Flattened Cube. It creates the flattened seismic at specified time value of horizon. The output is stored as a new flattened cube. User can choose the benefit of this option by flattening the cube at the horizon.
Calculate isopach. This option will compute the time or depth difference between this horizon and a second horizon. The compute grid will be displayed as a new layer on this horizon and may be stored as a surface data. The output will always be in seconds, meters, or feet.
Use single color. When this option is selected, the horizon is displayed in a single color, which can be chosen from a standard color selection window.
Display only at sections. The horizon is displayed as a line on plane sections (inlines, crosslines, 2D lines, random lines, time-slices, tracking plane).
Shift. This allows vertical shifting of the selected horizon. The shift value that has been applied as shown in the Position column in the tree. Attributes displayed on a shifted horizon are also computed from the shifted position.
Tracking. With the interpretation module and all its options horizons can be edited and tracked through the survey. The various tracking options are described in Section 3.2.
Save. The save option gets highlighted when changes are made to the surface geometry. Save saves the new geometry of the horizon. If a horizon consists of patches, you can save a sub-selection of these patches.
Save as. Save a sub-area or the complete horizon using an other name.
Create flattened scene. This option enables the user to create a second scene in which the data is displayed relative to the flattened horizon. This can be a very useful tool in specific situations. By flattening a horizon, the user gets an idea of the approximate section at the time of the deposition of this horizon. The tectonic history can be derived from the difference between the original section and the "restored" section. Another advantage of flattening the horizon is that it becomes easier to evaluate the depositional environments.
Algorithms. When clicking, three options are shown: "Fill Holes", "Filter", and "Snap to event". Each of the three algorithms is discussed below.
Fill holes. The "fill holes" utility fills holes using an iterative application of an inverse distance algorithm. In successive steps, holes are interpolated which means that the algorithm acts local in each step.
The options are:
Extrapolate outward. If set to "yes", the horizon is extrapolated to match the dimension of the survey area or specified work area.
Maximum fill size(nodes). In some cases, you do want to keep large holes. If so, select specify maximum fill size (nodes) and set it to the maximum size in nodes that should be filled.
Fill type. Two options are available. The first is Extension and the second is Gridding.
Maximum extension steps. Restricting the number of interpolation steps facilitates in partially filling the holes. This is useful when filling holes of a particular shape.
Filter. The "filter" utility enables filtering of the horizon. There are two filtering types: Median and Average. The inline and crossline step-out should be defined. The larger the step-out, the smoother the result of the filter.
Snap to event. In case the horizon is not correctly snapped to a seismic event, this option can be used. The user should define the input data, the event type (peak or trough, zero-crossing etc.), the search gate relative to the original horizon, and whether the snapped horizon should be saved as new or overwrite the original horizon.
Lock. This will lock the selected object. It prevents accidental removing, moving, or displaying data on the object. After clicking unlock, all manipulations are possible again.
Remove. This option removes the horizon from the tree and the graphics area.
The fault option allows to interpret or to load a fault.
If the option New is choosen, then the following window appears:
When selecting the faults, it is possible to specify an area sub-selection.
Once the fault has been assigned a name and a folder in the tree, the following options becomes available:
Add attribute. When 'Select attribute' is selected, you can choose to display data from stored cubes, an attribute from the current attribute set, or an output node of the current neural network. To display an attribute or neural network, you first must select or create an attribute set or neural network.
Properties. In this window, the Type, Size, and Color of the pick markers on the graphics area can be set.
Display Sticks only. When this option is switched on, only the sticks on the displayed elements in the graphics area will be shown. This mode allows to pick new locations without being distracted by previously picked points throughout the survey volume.
Save/Save As. For each time you create/update the fault, you can either override the stored input by using option Save or store it as a new fault by using Save As option.
Lock . Locks the selected object. This prevents accidental removing, moving, or displaying data on the object. After clicking a second time on "lock", all manipulations are possible again.
Remove. This removes the fault from the tree. Removing an unsaved pickset will result in a complete loss of that pickset.
It is possible to interpret the faults. If this option is selected, then the tracking toolbar will be available. Click on the seismic or attribute at the location near the fault and place seeds on the fault path.
An example of peaked fault line on a seismic section is shown in the following picture:
The fault is picked at several locations and composed of several sticks. An example of a final result follows:
A body created from an iso-value in the volume option can be loaded.
This Body can be exported and used on the PSDM plugin where each cell will be assign a velocity and then can be exported.
Wells can be loaded with Add to the display area once they are properly imported through the File - Import - Wells menu.
You can also draw a well path manually with the New WellTrack option.
Drawing a new well track works the same as editing an existing well track. You can pick well nodes on the elements currently shown in your display. Remember that a display with Z-scale View - Z-scale other that 1 distorts the appearance of distance in the 3D view.
To avoid having to go through all individual wells, you can set properties of all displayed wells simultaneously by selecting Properties here:
The pop-up menu, which becomes visible after right-clicking an individual well, has the following options:
Lock / Unlock Locks the selected object. This prevents accidental removing, moving, or displaying data on the object. After clicking unlock all manipulations are possible again.
With Select logs, the logs to be shown are selected. Two logs can be shown, one left of and one right of the well track. Each log needs to be activated individually. Select the log you want to display, then select the data clipping range, or tick auto to reset to the original min and max values). The lowest value is always along the well track; the highest value is furthest from the well track.
When Create attribute log is selected, the user can create a new log by calculating an attribute along the well track. A new window pops up where the attribute, log name, and the depth range should be provided. The Depth range is defined as start depth, stop depth, and sample distance.
Properties sets various display properties of the well track, the logs, and the log markers.
Edit Welltrack allows you to add or delete nodes to the well track. Deleting nodes is done by holding CTRL and clicking a node. Adding nodes is done by making "node picks" on any of the active elements on your screen. Remember that the Z-scale caused a vertical stretch, distorting the appearance of real distance in the 3D view.
Store stores a new well or saves the changes that were made to an existing one. Provide a name for a new well, and if a depth to time model is available, select the file. The file should have the same format as when importing a welltrack. Optionally, you can examine the file using the corresponding button. Specify if the model uses TVDSS or MS, also the measurement units.
Under Show the user can toggle on and off the log displays and various annotations.
Remove removes the well from the tree (not from disc).
Right click on 2D and select Add to add a 2D line set. After pressing Select, you must select which lines from the available lines you wish to display. You can always add or remove lines later.
The pop-up menu of the line set has these options:
Add line(s). Here you select what lines available in the current line set you want to add to the display list.
Select Attribute. Here you select what attribute you want to display on all lines currently loaded from the line set.
Show all. Switches on all currently loaded line names or the lines themselves from the line set.
Hide all. The opposite of Show all: it switches off all currently loaded line names or the lines themselves from the line set.
Remove. Removes the entire line set from the tree.
The popup menu from the individual lines from the line set has these options:
Select attribute. To set the attribute loaded onto this individual line. Remember that volume attributes can not be loaded on 2D lines. You need to define attribute(s) specifically for the 2D line set.
Properties. The Properties option refers to display parameters such as transparency and ambience.
Resolution. Allows changing the graphical resolution of the element. The default does not involve any rescaling before the data is sent to the graphics card. Moderate and high do some pre-interpolation before the data is sent to the graphics card and generally results in a clearer picture. If the memory of your graphics card does not allow high resolution the element becomes black.
Lock / Unlock. Locks the selected object. This prevents accidental removing, moving, or displaying data on the object. After clicking unlock all manipulations are possible again.
Duplicate. Duplicates the line as an empty element in the tree. On the new element, you can display a different attribute while keeping the original data directly available too.
Show/Hide linename. Shows or hides the name of the line in the graphical area.
Position. Pops up a new window where the visual data range of the current line can be set.
Remove. Removes the line from the line set and the tree.
Moreover, you can change and display attributes of a 2D line set from tree. Right-click on the line set in the tree. You will see the options shown in figure below.
- Set Z Range.
Specify the Z-range of line set to be displayed
- Add Attribute.
Adds the same attribute display to all lines within the line set.
- Edit Attribute.
Edits or changes the attribute of all lines within the line set.
- Remove Attribute.
Removes the attribute from lines.
- Edit Color Settings.
Applys the same color settings for all lines in a line set.
- Show All.
Shows all lines in a line set.
- Hide All.
Hides all lines in a line set.
- Remove.
Removes all lines in a line set.
With this option, you can draw arrows, load images, and write text on the display window by right clicking in one of the items in this tree.
Arrow. You can store the arrow groups, change the properties, lock-unlock, and remove them by right clicking on this element.
Image. Once you have selected the images, you can then store, resize, lock-unlock, and remove them by right clicking on this element.
Text. You can add text by creating a text group. When a group is created, you can click on the place you want the text and can write the message in the text box that will open.
Pre-stack gathers can be displayed in the 3D scene, perpendicular to an inline or crossline. Post stack data must first be displayed on an inline/crossline. The post-stack data does not need to be linked to your pre-stack data. Once you have loaded the line, go to interact mode (graphical toolbar, second icon from the left), right-click in the scene on top of your inline and use the option "Display PS gather". The menu will list any pre-stack data available (loaded) in the survey. Please note that you can display multiple PS gathers on the same inline, and moving the inline to another position will keep the position of the PS gather, as well as update its content.
From the PS gather display, within the 3D window, you can also display this gather in a 2D viewer. Once again, in interact mode, right-click on top of the PS gather and use the option "View in 2D Panel".
Please note that the PS gathers are first displayed without any processing. This can be set together with other properties in the PS gather display properties:
The shape tab will set the size of the PS gather with respect to the other 3D elements.
Color bar and amplitude ranges can be set in the color tab.
Pre-processing may be applied to enhance the display in the third tab. The available algorithms are presented in the prestack processing chapter.
The workspace contains one or more graphics windows. There are two basic manipulation modes: view mode and interact mode. The latter has two sub-modes: moving and picking. One can toggle between the view and interact mode with the Esc key.
In view mode (selected by clicking on the "hand" icon 
), the cursor is displayed with two circular arrows. In this mode, each scene can be rotated and zoomed independently using mouse button operations. Left-click and drag is for rotating the image. Simultaneous left+middle button click and drag is for moving the camera closer or further away. Shifting the image is done by middle mouse button click and drag movements.
In interact mode (selected by pressing the "arrow" icon 
), the cursor is an arrow. In interact mode, you can move the elements in 3D space (move mode) or you can pick example position to train neural networks (pick mode).
In pick mode, the current pickset is highlighted (reverse video) in the tree and the status bar displays a message; for example: "Nr of picks: 25". A new position is added to the current pickset by clicking with the left-hand mouse button. The status bar message is updated: "Nr of picks: 26". Picks from the current pickset can be removed by holding the Ctrl-key (the Apple key on MacOS) and pressing the left-hand mouse button.
Move mode is used to move elements to other positions in the data cube. An element is selected by clicking with the left mouse button in the tree, or on the element in the graphics window (only if you are not in pick mode). Arrows and a frame with handles appear around the active element. Moving the element to another parallel plane is done by left-clicking and dragging on one of the arrows. The new position is also indicated in the status bar at the bottom of the OpendTect main window. The element can be resized by left-click and drag on one of the green handles. Left-click and drag inside the element moves the element in the in-plane direction. Data will be loaded into the new position after left-clicking outside the element frame.
Direct accurate positioning of data elements is possible using the Position option from the pop-up menu in the tree. In interact mode, as well as move the cursor position (inline, crossline, 2WT), the data value at the cursor position are returned. These are displayed in a status line at the bottom of the OpendTect main window. Scenes can be rotated and zoomed in and out simultaneously using the wheel controls and the zoom slide-bar in the OpendTect main window. These controls operate irrespective of the view mode (view, interact, pick).
Table 2-1. Graphics interaction
| View mode | Interact mode |
|---|
| | | Move mode | Pick mode |
| keyboard "s" + left click | zoom in to clicked position | left click | activate element | left click | pick position |
| left click+drag | rotate | left click outside active element, or left click in empty space oftree | de-activate element | CTRL-left click | delete pick |
| middle click | shift | left click+drag arrow | move element to parallel plane | | |
| left+middle click+drag | Move camera closer/away | left click+drag inside active element | move element in-plane direction | | |
| left click+drag+quick release | continuous rotate | left click+drag handles | resize | | |
| | | move cursor | return position and value | move cursor | return position and value |
Note. De-activate elements is also possible by clicking (left-hand) in an empty space of the tree.
Notes for MAC users. The Apple key usually has the same function as the CTRL key on a PC. However, it is recommended to use a three-button mouse. All manipulations mentioned in this table (and elsewhere in the documentation) are also possible with a single button apple mouse, in combination with SHIFT and/or the Apple key and/or the CTRL key, but it is easier to work with a three-button mouse.
The color bar is composed of four elements: The colorbar itself, the minimum and the maximum value of the variation for the colorbar, and a set of predefined color tables. The following picture shows the list of predefined colorbars:
This list of predefined colorbars appear when the user clicks on the name of the colorbar being used.
Each element has its own color bar. If no element is active, the color bar is insensitive and cannot be manipulated. To activate, select an element from the tree or from the graphics window. After clicking on the colorbar itself, the following dialog window pops up:
It is possible to chose between the following options: flip the color bar, Ranges/Clipping, Manage, and Set as Default.
Flip causes the scale to be flipped.
Ranges/Clipping option is a user-defined method of changing the range of color scale or clipping certain level of scale.
Set as default option sets the default color scheme for all elements in the tree.
Manage option is used to modify the current color bar and to create new color bars with the current one as a starting point. Color bars are modified by adding, removing, and changing colors and opacity markers at the selected positions along the bar. The effect of the changes on your displayed element can be seen directly. Color bars can be removed from the list by pressing the Remove button (standard color tables can not be removed). Moreover, user can also import user defined color bar by pressing import button.
Colorbar Manager
Note: All the default colortables are stored in the OpendTect installation directory (e.g. opendtect-3.2/data/ColTabs) and all modified or own made colortables are stored in $HOME/.od/settings_coltabs.$DTECT_USER
The positions where colors are defined are marked by black lines in the white strip directly above the color bar. Right-clicking on a marker shows the options Remove color and Change color. Selecting Change color brings up a standard color definition window, where this defined color can be changed. The color markers can also be dragged left and right.
Little red markers in the white panel above to the color bar define opacity points. One can add opacity markers by double-clicking in this area. Also, these opacity markers can be dragged. The co-ordinates of these nodes are indicated at the bottom of the window. A hashed area indicates the part of the color bar that will become opaque.
NOTE. Transparency performance depends on the graphics card. When displaying two elements in exactly the same position, transparency may not work as you expect. It may help to set transparency values to the maximum to get the sort of display you desire. In addition, it may help to change the transparency of the element (right click on the element in the tree, select Properties).
In the background of the opacity panel, a histogram is shown in light grey. This histogram shows the distribution of attribute values in the selected element. This helps you to tune the color bar to the value range you may want to highlight.
The Segmentize option segments the color bar into a user defined discrete number of colors.
The Undefined color option is used to specify the color that will be used to display undefined values in the data.
Color bar in 2D: The OD v3.2 comes with new 2D functionality that allows you to edit at the same time your color bar settings for all the lines within the same Line Set for a particular seismic attribute. You can evaluate a different Colorbar and then choose the best one (see figures below).
The general selection window is used for various purposes, e.g. selection of an attribute set or selecting and saving a session. The window contains several standard buttons.
When the user clicks the option "Session", there are three options. The last one, called "Auto", enables the user to select a session which will restore, by default, each time the user opens OpendTect.
The 2D Viewer is used for examining the seismic data of an inline, crossline, and 2D lines in a 2D-screen. The seismic data can be viewed in two manners, namely "Wiggles" and "Variable Density" (VD).
When the user selects the option "Wiggles", a window pops up. This window shows the wiggles of the specific inline or crossline.
The other option "VD" pops up "Variable Density", see below.
The 2D Viewer shows several options;
Enables the user to select a zone of interest and to zoom in on this region
Enables the user to select a zone of interest and to zoom in on this region. For now, the functionality is similar to the former icon, but in the future, this option can be used to do picking.
Zooms in when clicking
Zooms out when clicking
Flip the 2D-section
Set display parameters
2D-Viewer's Help
When clicking the right mouse-button on the 2D Viewer, a small window pops up. There are three options in this window, namely "Gridlines", "Zoom", and "Properties". "Gridlines" enables the user to display vertical as well as horizontal gridlines. "Zoom" gives two options: to zoom in and to zoom out. The option "Properties" pops up a screen in which the display parameters can be set for both the "Wiggle Variable area" and the "Variable Density".
2D Viewer Wiggles Display Properties
|
2D Viewer Variable Density (VD) Display Properties
|
2D Viewer Annotation Settings
|
When pressing the "Ctrl" button and clicking the left mouse-button in the 2D Viewer, a Positioning/Values Window pops up. This window gives information about the position and values of the displayed data at each specific location in the Viewer. When two different types of data are displayed in the same viewer, the values of both datasets are given.
starts the survey definition module
starts the attribute module
starts the volume output module
starts the crossplot module
starts the Madagascar link
Opens the seismic cube manager.
Opens the horizon manager.
Opens the well manager.
Opens the pickset manager.
Opens the wavelet manager.
Opens the Manage Stratigraphy window.
moves the slice forward or backward.
set the step.
changes the location of the specific object on disk.
renames the object.
toggles the object to "read only." Use this option to protect any object from overwriting.
removes the object.